Exephin 1 gm/vial is a broad-spectrum third-generation cephalosporin administered parenterally (intravenous or intramuscular) for the treatment and prevention of a wide range of bacterial infections. It exhibits potent bactericidal activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria by interfering with bacterial cell wall synthesis. Exephin is highly stable against beta-lactamases and has a long plasma elimination half-life (6–9 hours), allowing convenient dosing schedules.

It is commonly used in adults and children for serious infections, including respiratory, urinary, skin, bone, systemic infections, and for surgical prophylaxis.

রেজিস্টার্ড চিকিৎসকের পরামর্শ অনুযায়ী ঔষধ সেবন করুন

Indications

Exephin 1 gm/vial is indicated for the treatment of:

• Lower respiratory tract infections (pneumonia, bronchitis)

• Acute bacterial otitis media

• Skin and skin structure infections

• Urinary tract infections

• Gonorrhea

• Bacterial septicemia

• Bone and joint infections

• Meningitis

• Prevention of postoperative infections

• Perioperative prophylaxis for surgery-associated infections

Therapeutic Class

Third-generation Cephalosporins

Pharmacology

Exephin 1 gm/vial is a parenteral cephalosporin with the following characteristics:

• Mechanism of action: Bactericidal via inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis

• Stability: Resistant to beta-lactamases

• Protein binding: ~95%

• Excretion: 40–65% unchanged in urine; remainder via bile and feces

• Metabolism: Not metabolized; pharmacologically inactive metabolites

Its long half-life supports once- or twice-daily dosing, providing effective systemic therapy for severe infections.

Dosage and Administration

Adults:

• General infections: 1–2 g IV or IM once daily (or divided into 2 doses); max 4 g/day

• Uncomplicated gonococcal infections: 250 mg IM single dose

• Surgical prophylaxis: 1 g IV 30–120 minutes before surgery

Infants and Children (≥1 month):

• General infections: 50–75 mg/kg IV or IM once daily (or divided doses); max 2 g/day

• Acute otitis media: 50 mg/kg IM single dose; max 1 g/day

• Meningitis: 100 mg/kg IV or IM daily or divided doses; max 4 g/day

Administration Notes:

• IM: Reconstitute with Lidocaine HCl 1%

• IV: Reconstitute with water for injection, administer over 2–4 minutes or via tubing infusion over 30 minutes

• Duration: Continue therapy ≥2 days after symptom resolution; usually 4–14 days, longer if infection is complicated

Test dose recommended before full IV/IM administration to check for hypersensitivity.

Contraindications

• Hypersensitivity to cephalosporins or beta-lactam antibiotics

  রেজিস্টার্ড চিকিৎসকের পরামর্শ অনুযায়ী ঔষধ সেবন করুন

Side Effects

• Gastrointestinal: diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, stomatitis

• Skin: rash, pruritus, urticaria, edema, erythema multiforme

• Hematologic: eosinophilia, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, anemia, neutropenia

• Hepatic: elevated SGOT, SGPT, bilirubin

• CNS: headache, dizziness, confusion, hyperactivity, convulsions

• Local: rare phlebitis with IV administration (minimized by slow injection)

Precautions and Warnings

• Anaphylaxis may occur; treat immediately with epinephrine and corticosteroids

• Monitor blood counts during prolonged therapy

• Rare gallbladder sludge may occur; usually reversible

• Use caution in pregnancy and lactation

Pregnancy & Lactation

• Safety not established; use only if clearly indicated

• Excreted in low concentrations in breast milk; exercise caution

Overdose

• No specific antidote; provide supportive care and symptomatic treatment

Storage

• Store in a cool, dry place (<30°C), away from light and moisture

• Keep out of reach of children

Special Populations

• Neonates (<28 days) and premature infants: Not recommended

• Elderly: Use caution due to possible reduced organ function.