Carlina 5 mg is a Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor designed to help manage type 2 diabetes mellitus in adults. It is used to improve glycaemic control in patients who cannot achieve adequate results with diet and exercise alone.

Carlina 5 mg can be used as monotherapy in patients for whom metformin is unsuitable due to renal impairment or intolerance. It can also be used in combination therapy with metformin or other antidiabetic agents when diet, exercise, and monotherapy fail to achieve optimal blood glucose control.

রেজিস্টার্ড চিকিৎসকের পরামর্শ অনুযায়ী ঔষধ সেবন করুন

Therapeutic Class

• Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor

Pharmacology

Carlina 5 mg works by enhancing the activity of incretin hormones—GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide-1) and GIP (glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide). Normally, these hormones are broken down by the enzyme DPP-4. By inhibiting DPP-4, Carlina 5 mg:

• Increases insulin release from pancreatic beta cells in a glucose-dependent manner

• Suppresses glucagon release from pancreatic alpha cells, reducing excess glucose production

This dual action helps normalize blood glucose levels without causing significant hypoglycemia when used alone.

Indications

Carlina 5 mg is indicated for:

• Monotherapy: Adults with type 2 diabetes who cannot control blood sugar with diet and exercise alone and for whom metformin is contraindicated or unsuitable

• Combination therapy: Patients inadequately controlled with metformin alone, or in combination with sulfonylureas when dual therapy is insufficient

Dosage and Administration

• Recommended Dose: 5 mg once daily

• Can be taken with or without food at any time of the day

• When combined with sulfonylurea, consider lowering the sulfonylurea dose to reduce hypoglycemia risk

• Renal impairment: No dose adjustment required

• Maintain a consistent schedule when used alongside metformin

Drug Interactions

• Carlina 5 mg is a weak inhibitor of CYP3A4, but clinically significant drug interactions are rare

• No significant impact on the pharmacokinetics of metformin, glyburide, simvastatin, warfarin, digoxin, or oral contraceptives

Contraindications

• Hypersensitivity to Carlina 5 mg or any excipient

Side Effects

Possible adverse effects include:

• Hypoglycemia (especially with combination therapy)

• Nasopharyngitis

• Cough

• Rarely: pancreatitis

  রেজিস্টার্ড চিকিৎসকের পরামর্শ অনুযায়ী ঔষধ সেবন করুন

Precautions and Warnings

• Use with caution in patients with a history of hypersensitivity

• Monitor blood glucose regularly, particularly when used with other antidiabetic agents

Pregnancy and Lactation

• Pregnancy: Category B; only use if clearly needed

• Lactation: Unknown if excreted in breast milk; caution is advised

Storage Conditions

• Store in a dry place, away from heat and light

• Keep out of reach of children

Mode of Action

Carlina 5 mg inhibits DPP-4, preventing the breakdown of GLP-1 and GIP, which increases insulin secretion and decreases glucagon release, improving postprandial and fasting blood glucose levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus.