Exephin Injection 1 gm/vial contains Ceftriaxone Sodium, a third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with broad-spectrum activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. It is used parenterally (intramuscular or intravenous) for the treatment of serious infections, including respiratory, urinary, skin, bone, joint, and systemic infections. Its long half-life allows for convenient once-daily dosing in most patients.

রেজিস্টার্ড চিকিৎসকের পরামর্শ অনুযায়ী ঔষধ সেবন করুন

Indications

Exephin Injection 1 gm/vial is indicated for the treatment of:

• Lower respiratory tract infections: Pneumonia, bronchitis

• Acute bacterial otitis media

• Skin and soft tissue infections

• Urinary tract infections

• Gonorrhea

• Bacterial septicemia

• Bone and joint infections

• Meningitis

• Postoperative infections: Prevention and perioperative prophylaxis associated with surgery

This wide range of indications makes Exephin suitable for both community-acquired and hospital-acquired infections.

Therapeutic Class

• Third-generation cephalosporins

Pharmacology

Ceftriaxone is a bactericidal antibiotic that acts by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis, leading to cell lysis.

• Spectrum: Active against a broad range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms

• Beta-lactamase stability: Resistant to many beta-lactamases produced by bacteria

• Protein binding: 95%

• Metabolism: Not metabolized; excreted largely unchanged

• Excretion: 40–65% via urine, remainder via bile and feces

• Half-life: 6–9 hours, supporting once-daily dosing

• Distribution: Widely distributed in body tissues and fluids, including the lungs, bones, and cerebrospinal fluid (in meningitis)

Dosage and Administration

Adults:

• General infections: 1–2 g IM or IV once daily (or divided into two doses); maximum 4 g/day

• Uncomplicated gonorrhea: 250 mg IM single dose

• Surgical prophylaxis: 1 g IM 30–120 minutes prior to surgery

Children (≥1 month):

• 50–75 mg/kg IM or IV once daily (divided doses if needed); max 2 g/day

• Acute otitis media: 50 mg/kg IM single dose; max 1 g/day

• Meningitis: 100 mg/kg IM or IV daily (divided doses if needed); max 4 g/day

Duration of therapy: Typically 4–14 days, continued ≥2 days after symptom resolution; longer therapy may be required for complicated infections.

IM Injection Preparation:

• Dissolve 1 g vial in 3.5 mL of Lidocaine HCl 1% for pain-free administration

• Administer slowly to reduce injection site discomfort

IV Injection Preparation:

• Dissolve in 10 mL Water for Injection

• Administer over 2–4 minutes or via tubing infusion over 30 minutes

Test dose is recommended for patients with a history of beta-lactam allergy.

রেজিস্টার্ড চিকিৎসকের পরামর্শ অনুযায়ী ঔষধ সেবন করুন

Contraindications

• Hypersensitivity to cephalosporins or penicillins

Side Effects

• Gastrointestinal: diarrhea, nausea, vomiting

• Skin: rash, urticaria, pruritus, edema, erythema multiforme

• Hematologic: eosinophilia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, anemia

• Hepatic: elevated liver enzymes, bilirubin

• CNS: headache, dizziness, confusion, convulsions

• Local: pain or phlebitis at injection site (minimized by slow injection)

Precautions and Warnings

• Anaphylaxis may occur; treat immediately with epinephrine and corticosteroids

• Monitor blood counts and liver function during prolonged therapy

• Rare gallbladder sludge formation; usually reversible

• Use with caution in pregnancy and lactation

Pregnancy and Lactation

• Safety not fully established; administer only if clearly indicated

• Low concentrations excreted in breast milk; caution in nursing mothers

Overdose

• No specific antidote; manage with symptomatic and supportive care

Storage Conditions

• Store below 30°C, away from light and moisture

• Keep out of reach of children

Special Populations

• Neonates (<28 days) and premature infants: Not recommended

• Elderly: Dose with caution due to possible reduced renal function